Course Number: PADM 6164
Course Title: State and Local Environmental Policy
Semester: Summer Session I, 1997, TTH 6:00-10:00
Professor: William R. Mangun
Office: Brewster A-134
Telephone: 328-6156
Office
Hours: M,T,W,TH 12:15-12:45; T,TH 5:00-6:00
Course
Description: This course deals with a comparative analysis of state and local institutions responsible for the protection and enhancement of the environment and natural resources in the United States. An emphasis is placed on specific policies and organizational structures within state and local governments. Theoretical considerations are addressed in the assigned readings which identify patterns among state and local organizational structures and general policies toward environmental problem resolution. The course also has an applied focus in that students examine documents from different state and local government agencies.
Prerequisites: A course in American government is strongly recommended. Those who need a refresher in American government should review an introductory textbook that has a policy emphasis, such as Robert Lineberry and George Edwards, Government in America (Scott, Foresman). Some knowledge of biological and ecological relationships would also be helpful but is not required.
Required
Textbooks:
Evan J. Ringquist, Environmental Protection at the State Level: Politics and Progress in Controlling Pollution. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1993.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Planning for Small Communities: A Guide for Local Decision-Makers. Washington, DC: USEPA (EPA/625/R-94/009), September, 1994. (Can be found at www.epa.gov/docs/ord/smallcom.html)
Donald F. Harker and Elizabeth Ungar Natter, Where We Live: A Citizen's Guide to Conducting a Community Environmental Inventory. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1995.
World Resources Institute, World Resources, 1996-97: A Guide to the Global Environment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Course
Requirements:
This course will have a highly interactive format. Brief lectures will be used to address theoretical considerations and practical applications in support of the assigned readings. Since this is an advanced course in environmental policy, however, the students will be expected to assume a greater responsibility for in-class discussions and participation. This means that assigned materials must be read prior to class discusion because these discussions will provide the basis and structure for the analysis necessary for the completion of the term papers.
For the term paper each student is to conduct an in-depth evaluation of one state environmental agency's and one local government agency's approach to dealing with environmental issues. The student is to place the respective state and local agencies evaluated into comparative perspective with other state and local government approaches based on the various classifications and categorizations that are presented in the assigned readings. Students are to use original documentation provided by the professor, state and local databases provided by the professor, and any other source (library, other databases, additional documents obtained from the state or local agency, as well as the assigned readings) as the basis for the evaluation. The Lester book chapter, Lester and Lombard article, and the Elazar book chapter should be read as quickly as possible and with a great deal of attention as they will provide the orienting bases for the individual evaluations.
Evaluation: Grades will be based on. Twenty percent (10%) of each student's final grade will be based on the instructor's subjective evaluation of the student's in-class participation. Successful completion of a term paper based upon an in-depth analysis of the organizational structure and environmental policies of one state and a local government within that state (50%); a final examination (40%).
Week One:
May 20 INTRODUCTION
Discussion of the elements of a research design [William Dunn, Public Policy Analysis is on reserve], discussion of Stephen T. Trudgill's study dealing with the barriers to the development of better environmental policies (ch.1) [the book is on reserve, Stephen T. Trudgill, Barriers to a Better Envrironment TD170.t78.1990], discussion of research design issues in intergovernmental policy research identified by Goggin, et al. (ch.8) [the book is on reserve, M.L. Goggin, et al. Implementation Theory and Practice].
Reading:
William R. Mangun, "Environmental Program Evaluation in an Intergovernmental Context," draft chapter for Gerrit Knaap and T. Kim, eds., Environmental Program Evaluation: State of the Art (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, forthcoming).
William R. Lowry, The Dimensions of Federalism:State Governments and Pollution Control Policies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992, pp.1-26.
May 22 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Readings:
James P. Lester, "A New Federalism? Environmental Policy in the States," pp. 51-68 in N. J. Vig and M. E. Kraft, eds., Environmental Policy in the 1990s, second edition (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1994);
Evan Ringquist, Environmental Protection at the State Level, chapters 1-4;
WEEK TWO
May 27
Daniel J. Elazar, American Federalism: A View from the States, 3rd edition (New York: Harper and Row, 1984), ch. 1.
James P. Lester and Emmett N. Lombard, "The Comparative Analysis of State Environmental Policy," Natural Resources Journal 30 (1990):301-319;
Recommended:
Bob Hall and Mary Lee Kerr, 1991-1992 Green Index: A State-By-State Guide to the Nation's Environmental Health (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1991, chapters 1 and 9.
May 29 STATE AIR AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL APPROACHES
Readings:
Evan Ringquist, Environmental Protection at the State Level, chapters 5-9.
Emmett N. Lombard, "Determinants of State Air-Quality Management: A Comparative Analysis," American Review of Public Administration 23(1):57-73;
Recommended:
World Resources Institute, "State and Province Comparisons," and "State Profiles," in Environmental Almanac, pp. 219-282.
William Blomquist, "Exploring State Differences in Groundwater Policy Adoptions, 1980-1989," Publius 21 (Spring 1991):101-115.
Gary Bryner, "Regulating Air Pollution: A Case Study of Policy Implementation in Innovative States," paper presented at Western Political Science Association Annual Meeting, March 18-20, 1993
Susan L. Cutter and William D. Solecki, "The National Pattern of Airborne Toxic Releases," Professional Geographer 41(2), 1992, pp.149-161.
WEEK THREE
June 3 LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
Readings:
USEPA, Environmental Planning for Small Communities, chs. 1-4.
June 5 DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS FOR LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Readings:
USEPA, Environmental Planning for Small Communities, ch.5-7
Recommended:
World Resources Institute, "Green Metro Areas," in Environmental Almanac, pp. 193-218.
Daniel H. Henning and William R. Mangun, "Urban and Regional Environmental Policy," chapter 9 in Managing the Environmental Crisis (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1989).
Milou Carolan, "Regional Approaches to Environmental Management," Public Management 72, March 1990:15-20.
David R. Godschalk, "Negotiating Intergovernmental Development Policy Conflicts: Practice-Based Guidelines," APA Journal, Summer 1992:368-378.
Siegfried Brenke, "City Networking for CO2 Reduction and Institution Building: New Partners for the Earth Summit?," Ekistics 352 (January/February 1992):86-92.
WEEK FOUR
June 10 FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Readings:
USEPA, Environmental Planning for Small Communities, Appendix B (What Environmental Regulations Affect Your Community?)
Recommended Readings:
Arthur Koines, Patrick Cummins, and Robert D. Rowe, "Getting to Yes: Reaching Political Consensus on Local Environmental Priorities," Environmental Professional 12 (1990):144-155.
Jeb Brugman, "Global Environmental Response Through a Local Ecosystems Management Network," Ekistics 352 (January/February 1992):78-85.
Ekhart Hahn and Udo E. Simonis, "Ecological Urban Restructuring," Ekistics 348 (May/June 1991):199-209.
June 12 ASSESSING RISKS FROM LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Readings:
Harker and Natter, Where We Live, pp. 1-121;
USEPA, Environmental Planning for Small Communities, Appendix C (Assessing Risks from Environmental Problems in Your Community).
Recommended Readings:
Gina Saporito, "Global Warming: Local Governments Take the Lead," Public Management, July 199210-13.
J. Mark Payne, "Storm-Water Management: Municipalities' New Requirements under the Clean Water Act," Popular Government 58 (Summer 1992):29-33.
Molly A. Meegan, "Municipal Liability for Household Hazardous Waste: An Analysis of the Superfund Statute and Its Policy Implications," Georgetown Law Journal 79 (August 1991):1783-1801.
David Good, John Kissel, Dan Mullins, and Rosemary O'Leary, "The Solid Waste Crisis," in The ICMA Municipal Yearbook (Washington, DC: The International City Management Association, 1991).
Hunter Bacot, Amy S. McCabe, Michael R. Fitzgerald, Terry Bowen, and David H. Folz, "Practicing the Politics of Inclusion: Citizen Surveys and the Design of Solid Waste Recycling Programs," American Review of Public Administration 23(March 1993):29-41.
Michael Dear, "Understanding and Overcoming the NIMBY Syndrome," APA Journal, Summer, 1992:288-300.
Sarith Guerra, "NIMBY, NIMTOF, & Solid Waste Facility Siting," PM (Public Management), October, 1991:11-17.
Robert A. Johnston and Wade S. McCartney, "Local Government Implementation of Mitigation Requirements under the California Environmental Quality Act," Environmental Impact Assessment Review 11 (1991):53-67.
Parthenia B. Evans, "Municipal Liability Under the CWA," Natural Resources and Environment 6(1), Summer, 1991.
WEEK FIVE
June 17 ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONCERN INVENTORIES
Readings:
Harker and Natter, Where We Live, pp. 127-203.
Recommended Readings:
National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology, Building State and Local Pollution Prevention Programs (Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Administrator, December, 1992).
June 19 THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN A WORLDWIDE PERSPECTIVE
Readings:
World Resources Institute, World Resources, 1996-97 (The Urban Environment), pp. 1-158.
June 24 PAPER PRESENTATIONS